01 - Preheat oven to 350°F and line a 12-cup muffin tin with paper liners.
02 - In a large bowl, whisk together flour, sugar, baking soda, baking powder, salt, and pumpkin pie spice until well combined.
03 - In a separate bowl, whisk together oil, eggs, pumpkin purée, milk, and vanilla extract until smooth and fully incorporated.
04 - Add the wet ingredients to the dry ingredients and mix until just combined. Do not overmix to maintain tender texture.
05 - Beat the cream cheese and sugar in a medium bowl until smooth. Add egg yolk, heavy cream, spices, and vanilla; beat until creamy and uniform.
06 - Fill each muffin liner about 2/3 full with pumpkin muffin batter, ensuring even distribution.
07 - Drop approximately 1 tablespoon of chai cheesecake filling on top of each. Use a toothpick to gently swirl the cheesecake layer into the muffin batter.
08 - Bake for 20–22 minutes, or until a toothpick inserted into the muffin (avoiding the cheesecake center) comes out clean.
09 - Cool in the pan for 10 minutes, then transfer to a wire rack to cool completely before serving.